GEOJE, GYEONGNAM PROVINCE – Hallyeohaesang National Park, a breathtaking expanse stretching across the southern coast of South Korea, continues to capt captivate visitors and stand as a pivotal site for marine conservation. Designated as the nation’s first maritime national park in 1968, this vast natural sanctuary, particularly its Geoje section, offers a unique tapestry of islands, pristine waters, and diverse ecosystems. Its enduring appeal lies not only in its stunning vistas but also in its critical role as a living laboratory for ecological research and a model for sustainable tourism.

Main Facts: Korea’s Premier Marine Sanctuary

Hallyeohaesang National Park encompasses a remarkable 300-ri (approximately 120 kilometers) stretch of coastline and sea, extending from Galgot-ri in Nambu-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeongnam Province, all the way to Odongdo in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam Province. This immense area is celebrated for its unparalleled natural beauty, featuring the iconic Haegeumgang rock formations and a collection of 165 islands, each with its own distinct charm and ecological significance. The park’s designation over half a century ago marked a monumental step in South Korea’s environmental protection efforts, acknowledging the intrinsic value of its coastal and marine habitats.

The park’s geographical composition is predominantly aquatic, with approximately 76% of its total area covered by sea. The remaining 24% consists of diverse island coastlines, providing critical habitats for both marine and terrestrial species. Within its boundaries, the park is home to a staggering 71 inhabited islands and 29 uninhabited islets, contributing to a rich tapestry of biodiversity. This intricate network of land and sea supports a vast array of flora and fauna, making it an invaluable repository of marine and coastal ecosystems. To facilitate effective management and conservation, Hallyeohaesang National Park is strategically divided into six distinct districts, each presenting unique environmental characteristics and conservation priorities. The Geoje section, specifically managed by the Geoje Branch Office, serves as a primary gateway to exploring the park’s wonders and exemplifies its multifaceted natural heritage.

Chronology: A Legacy of Conservation and Evolution

The establishment of Hallyeohaesang National Park in 1968 was a landmark event in South Korea’s nascent environmental movement. At a time when industrialization was rapidly transforming the nation, the foresight to protect such a magnificent marine landscape underscored a growing awareness of the importance of natural heritage. It was designated under the National Park Act, a legislative framework aimed at preserving the country’s most significant natural and cultural sites for future generations.

In its initial years, the park’s management focused primarily on baseline studies, mapping its vast geographical scope, and identifying key ecological zones. Early conservation efforts concentrated on protecting critical habitats, particularly for seabirds and unique island flora, from the impacts of unregulated development and resource extraction. The 1970s and 80s saw the gradual implementation of infrastructure for visitors, including hiking trails on accessible islands and designated viewing points, always with an emphasis on minimizing environmental disturbance.

The 1990s brought increased recognition of the park’s international significance, especially concerning its migratory bird populations and unique marine biodiversity. Management strategies evolved to incorporate more scientific research, stricter regulations on fishing and waste disposal, and educational programs aimed at fostering environmental stewardship among visitors and local communities. The Korea National Park Service (KNPS), which oversees all national parks in the country, played a crucial role in developing comprehensive conservation plans, including the restoration of degraded areas and the monitoring of endangered species.

Into the 21st century, Hallyeohaesang National Park has continued to adapt to new challenges, including climate change and increasing tourism demands. Efforts have been intensified to combat marine plastic pollution, a global threat that directly impacts its fragile ecosystems. The park has also embraced sustainable tourism initiatives, encouraging low-impact activities and promoting responsible visitor behavior. Regular ecological surveys are conducted to track changes in biodiversity, water quality, and habitat health, ensuring that management decisions are informed by the latest scientific data. The Geoje branch, in particular, has been instrumental in managing the park’s western gateway, serving as a hub for visitor information, emergency response, and localized conservation projects. This ongoing commitment ensures that Hallyeohaesang National Park remains a vibrant and protected natural treasure.

Supporting Data: A Haven of Biodiversity and Geological Wonders

Hallyeohaesang National Park is not merely a scenic destination; it is a vital ecological stronghold, a treasure trove of biodiversity, and a showcase of remarkable geological formations.

Geographic Scope and Divisions

The park’s immense size, spanning 300 ri, underscores its significance. This vast marine corridor is geographically complex, comprising numerous island groups and coastal stretches. The six distinct districts—Geoje, Tongyeong, Samcheonpo, Namhae, Hadong, and Yeosu—reflect the diverse landscapes and ecosystems found within the park. The Geoje district, where the Geoje Branch Office is located, is particularly renowned for its dramatic coastal cliffs, hidden coves, and iconic islands like Oedo Botania and Haegeumgang. These islands serve as critical stepping stones for migratory birds and provide unique microclimates that foster endemic plant species. The intricate coastline, sculpted by centuries of wind and waves, presents a dynamic environment that constantly evolves.

Ecological Richness

The park’s ecological richness is profoundly influenced by its composition of 76% sea and 24% land. The marine environment, a vibrant underwater world, supports an astonishing array of life. Over 1,142 species of marine algae and invertebrates, including various types of corals, sponges, and mollus